Why do State constitutions get amended more frequently than US? Requirements that out of state students pay higher tuition rates for higher education is an example of an exemption to what clause? ____________ of Texas House seats are considered competitive. Two-thirds of each house in the Texas legislature must propose constitutional amendments. Who or what has the right to decide what falls under the privileges and immunities of citizenship and what does not? A. Welcome to the Carpetbagger's Youtube Channel. Under the Texas constitution, the power to tax resides with. For Texas, the revised characterization appears to be more appropriate than the traditional one. - provide protection for citizens in criminal proceedings. -lieutenant governor The aim is to reign the power of the governments and Checks And Balances: Similarities Of Texas And United States Constitution 836 Words | 4 Pages The Texas Bill of Rights recognizes more individual liberties. In all states, the ______ can propose changes to the state constitution. 1336. Which constitution was pejoratively known as the. The major issues faced by President Abraham Lincoln were the status of the ex-slaves (called "Freedmen"), the loyalty and civil rights of ex-rebels, the status of the 11 ex-Confederate states, the powers of the federal government needed to prevent a future civil war, and the question . Read the section "Creation of Wealth." Honey, Ruby, and Wheelock believed that political action was necessary to secure rights for former slaves in the postwar environment. Most state constitutional amendments are ______. What is article 1 in the Texas Constitution? amendments to an appropriations bill that are shielded from public inspection until they go to conference committee. In history Texas has had how many constitutions? Like most state constitutions, the Texas Constitution, -is lengthy and detailed As compared to other states, Texas's bill of rights is. -sets the terms of office of members of the legislature. IMO, this post is a little weird because this starterpack is really "Atticus Finch reference in a movie". It identifies the players in the political process 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. passed the open carry firearms and reduced the local governments ability to enforce more strict regulations. High turnover rates in the Texas legislature are due primarily to, _________ legislative committee is most important, submits recommended budget to the Texas legislatures, The House and Senate can override a governor's veto with. True/False. a) preemptive b) establishment c) supremacy d) primacy. According to Article 5 of the Texas Constitution. Demand for steel products follows cyclical trends in the economy. \quad\text{Operating/Program Expenses}&\text{2,150,000}\\ The "carpetbagger's constitution" reversed which right of whites who had participated in the Civil War? Honey, Ruby, and Davidson, while not wealthy, were educated and do not appear to have been fortune hunters. This conflicted with federal law, saying congress could stretch laws in order to properly carry them out, federal law is the supreme law of the land, gives congress the power to regulate commerce between states only. The national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority. each state must recognize the public acts, records, and judicial rulings of every other state. Biogen creates and manufactures biotechnology drugs. Fear of what led to the plural executive system that is used in Texas today? responsible for setting the salary for legislators. The Texas Bill of Rights recognizes more individual liberties. b. cyclical unemployment In the United States, the _________ both grants and denies powers to the national and state governments. - constant change -Called the Reconstruction constitution or the "carpetbagger's constitution" -Reflected the centralization aspirations of the national Republicans -Four-year term was provided for the governor, who was also given the authority to appoint most state and many local officials length, wording, inflexibly, an unclear organization. \quad\text{Accumulated Depreciation-Plant and Equipment}&\text{5,350,000}\\ Explain why promotion is an important marketing function. What type of government was the 1824 constitution? Federalism-The system that provides for a sharing of powers between the national government and the state governments is known as federalism Tenth Amendment-Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution contains this statement? In Texas, most constitutional amendments appear on the ballot. When did scholars try to revise our current constitution and fail? Which of the Texas constitutions is known as the "carpetbagger's constitution" because it was imposed under federal military rule? f. peak In constructing the common-size percentages for each firm, reported amounts for each firm for three consecutive years were summed and the common-size percentages are based on the summed amounts. - provide for copyrights for authors and inventors. For the first time ascribed rights to national as well as state citizenship and outlined a bill of rights to African American freed persons, In the fourteenth amendment that requires states to treat all citizens equally, In the fifth and fourteenth amendment that requires states to treat all citizens equally and states must follow certain rules and procedures. is compatible with the political climate of the state. 45. The power to tax and spend to promote the general welfare List National Powers. Article 1 of the Texas Constitution covers the a. powers of government. C) within months of the arrival of . Article 3 of the Texas Constitution states that the senate is composed of _____ members and the house of representatives is to be _____ members. Many financial analysts substitute one amount for another in making ratio analysis comparisons in order to better achieve intercompany or companyto-industry data comparability. In 1861 Texas seceded from the union, adopted yet another constitution, only to return in 1866 with another constitution. - lack of citizen support \quad\text{Unexpended Appropriations-2020}&\text{410,000}\\[5pt] What are the four areas of the U.S Constitution and the court's interpretations? Steel manufacturing in the United States is in the mature phase of its life cycle. accessed March 01, 2023, continue to be amended in a piecemeal process. Believes in low pay and term limits, A natural extension of the practice of slavery, was forced to adopt the traditionalistic political subculture, focuses on the protection of a free market economy. limit the power of the governor. was adopted when Texas joined the union in 1845, -Probation against the emancipation of slaves, -Called the Reconstruction constitution or the "carpetbagger's constitution", -Reflected the anti-government sentiments of the traditional/individualistic political culture of Texas state, Chapter 2: The Texas State Constitution and t, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/carpetbaggers. e. All these answers are correct. Which of the following are to blame for voter ignorance of amendment elections? SamDurais. Extraction and refining activities are capital-intensive. Which of the following statements best summarizes voters' responses to the constitutional amendment process in Texas? What constitutional clause addresses issues of divorce, child custody, and same-sex marriage across all states? 2: the american federal system and the te, CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Texas History and, CHAPTER 2: Global E-business and Collaboration, CHAPTER 1: Business Information Systems in Yo, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. a unitary government where president could serve one 3 year term only. woman were granted property rights, provided limited executive authority, and two terms for most officials. When was the first constitution to govern Anglos in Texas ratified? All amounts in the common-size statements of cash flows are expressed as a percentage of cash flow from operations. What constitutional clause addresses issues of divorce, child custody, and same-sex marriage across all states? African Americans were affected in a good and bad way. The Texas 1869 constitution (the 4th constitution) was also known as. Neoliberalism in Blackface: Barack Obama and Deracialization, 2007-2012 by Hermon George, Jr., Ph.D. The ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland ______. These men joined the Republican party for a variety of different reasons. 41. follow certain rules and procedures It granted women property rights equal to those of men. One amount is missing in the following trial balance of proprietary accounts, and another is missing from the trial balance of budgetary accounts of the Save Our Resources Commission of the federal government. The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. -restricted powers of the legislature Carpetbaggers played only a minor role in the state's Reconstruction history. \textbf{September 30, 2020}\\ \quad\text{Accounts Payable}&\text{\$\hspace{7pt}134,000}\\ Heinz has acquired several other branded food products companies in recent years. Which of the following statements about the constitution of Texas under Mexico is true? In the second instance, Adjutant General Davidson defrauded the state of more than $37,000 by issuing fraudulent warrants, and fled the state in 1872. It is one of the longest state constitutions in the nation. B. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. In what system of government are all functions centralized and controlled by national government? Article 6 of the U.S. Constitution contains the ________ clause establishing the U.S. Constitution as the law of the land that no federal or state law may violate. In Texas, what is the legislature's role in proposing amendments to the state's constitution? Reconstruction has also failed due to the carpetbaggers. ServiceMaster provides home cleaning and restoration services. Under Article 4 of the Texas Constitution, how many positions in the executive branch are elected? Critics of the Interstate Commerce argue that it gives too much power to, In a federal system of government, power is, Overtime, the basic rights guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause have. Damn. Why is the necessary and proper clause also referred to as the "elastic clause"? Without the Reconstruction era there would still be slaves, segregation and involuntary servitude. \quad\text{Expended Authority-2020}&\text{4,500,000}\\ 34. Article 3 of the Texas Constitution refers to the ___________ branch. Reconstruction lasted from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 to the Compromise of 1877.. Constitutions are based on which of the following principles? written in 1827, it lacked a bill of rights and had a unicameral legislature. Which phrase best describes the ideal constitution, according to the textbook? All Rights Reserved, Quiz 1: Introduction to Texas History and Politics. I think that though it wasn 't a total success, it was at least a step in the right What is the author's opinion of the efficiency of an economic system based on free market capitalism ? Does a state constitution provide more or fewer freedoms than National? In completing the assignment, assume that all assets are entity assets, Fund Balance with Treasury is an intragovernmental asset, and all other assets are governmental. The Republic of Texas Constitution of 1836 was. Who was the Republican Senator and Representative Democrat that tried to reduce the size of the constitution in 1999? The current Texas Constitution is an example of ____ upon the power of the state government. proposing amendments and citizen approval, -outlines the qualifications for judges in Texas and -describes the judicial branch. 8. What was special about Coahuila y Tejas Constitution? Under the principle of popular sovereignty, power rests with the. What was the Equal Rights Amendment? With the 1876 Constitution delegates sought to fix several problems in the 1869 Constitution, namely: A) centralized executive power They structure government and divide and assign power. b. legislative department. The Due Process Clause requires states to, treat all citizens equally Click the card to flip . What was President Reagan's idea on federalism? In order to "promote the general welfare of citizens," the federal government can provide money to state governments in exchange for states agreeing to certain standards. Their agreement provides that each will receive 8%8 \%8% interest on their investment with any remaining income to be distributed in proportion to their investments. and what did it reduce? gave Congress authority to create national bank in 1790, exclusive power of the national government, _________of the Texas Senate is usually elected during a presidential election year, ________of the Texas House of Representatives is elected during a presidential election year. Which of the following are among the enumerated powers of the national government? The given exhibit (3.27) presents common-size statements of cash flows for eight firms in various industries. Click the card to flip . a) a virtual copy of the U.S. Constitution b) a composite of the U.S. Constitution and the constitutions of several southern states c) radically different than the U.S. Constitution d) similar to the U.S. Constitution, but completely unlike any other state constitution of the time When did Texas have a new constitution under the Confederacy? 32. In what year did the current Texas Constitution become effective? -it meaning and application has changed over time the Texas Education Agency creates a program called "eating for life" Tags: Question 38 . What is the real strength of the American Federal System? What was a key element we got from the Spanish constitutions of 1824 and 1827? they created weak executives with strong legislatives, money dedicated to a specific expenditure, proposing the amendment and citizens approval, 2/3 of each house of legislature must approve and majority of voters, a process that allows citizens to propose changes through petitions signed by voters, but Texas doesn't allow this process, legislature can all an assembly of citizens that may propose changes to state constitution through voters approval. It was signed on September 17, 1787,. I sent this letter and graphic to each member of the committee: Representative **********, The att. Which of the following describes the Interstate Commerce Clause? I nexas wants to be a Godless egg sucking thieving hypocritical self righteous communist Damned yankee, they can get their evil asses the hell out of MY Republic of Texas and back to yankeeland! Accusations of being a carpetbagger became a central attack against him, but the Republican easily won the party's nomination and ran a tight race against Shaheen, losing by around 3 percentage . B. Its bill of rights might suggest that the Texas constitution is a(n) ________ document. Identify the two steps involved in the constitutional amendment process for most states' constitution? All state constitutions contain articles relating to. what is the function of statements on civil liberties in state constitutions? In the Twelfth Legislature just twelve of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the North. Any Khazarian End of Times Death & Pedophilia Cult member Jew in Texas needs to get the hell out of Texas. How many members in the Texas House of Representatives? As the Civil War was ending, The major issues faced by President Abraham Lincoln were the status of the ex-slaves (called "Freedmen"), the loyalty and civil rights of ex-rebels, the status of the 11 ex-Confederate states, the powers of the federal government needed to prevent a future civil war, and the question of whether Congress or the President would make the . \quad\text{Cumulative Results of Operations-10/1/19}&\text{1,009,000}\\ d) 1876 Constitution. Why does the current Texas constitution limit the government so much? What court case called DOMA unconstitutional? The distribution for the random variable X is given. State senator Ruby supported a variety of laws favorable to the people, both Black and White, of his district. What is the meaning of popular sovereignty? voters have approved most proposed amendments. c. unemployed The Texas Bill of Rights recognizes more individual liberties, Under Article 4 of the Texas Constitution the executive branch consists of the, -governor Nixon's plan to distribute a portion of federal power to state and local governments. When was the republic of Texas's constitution written? 1 / 145. Chevron Texaco explores, extracts, refines, and markets petroleum products. it contained a provision to secede from the Union - provide for copyrights for authors and inventors. "The powers not delegated to the United Sates by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." C. the idea that government can and should do anything not prohibited by the constitution Year? Since the 1950s, however, revisionist historians have challenged the validity of the traditional view and assessed the carpetbaggers more favorably. What clause is the same as the elastic clause? Sun follows an assembly strategy in manufacturing computers, outsourcing the components from other firms worldwide. 2: the american federal system and the te, TX Chapter 3. an amendement to the Texas constitution that addressed what issue was ruled to be unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2015? supports the idea of limited government. 1 / 145. to structure government, to assign power, and to limit power. Such stores offer a wide selection of products in a particular product category (for example, books, pet products, or office products). e. civilian labor force In what year was the Texas constitution that is called the "carpetbagger's constitution" adopted? Voters approve far more proposed amendments than they reject, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups. - Its meaning and application have changed over time. A. and attorney general. - It does not meet the qualifications of an "ideal constitution.". 44. -comptroller of public accounts. POLS. Term. The constitutional convention of 1876 included which of the following? contracts between the government and the people. -does not meet the qualifications of an "ideal constitutions", less likely to succeed than those proposed by state legislatures. I am obsessed with Southern Cultures, Folk Heroes, Folk Villains and Roadside . - opposition from lobbying groups The constitutional principal that holds the power granted in state constitutions rest with the people. SAVEOURRESOURCESCOMMISSIONPreclosingTrialBalanceSeptember30,2020\begin{array}{c} Republican Bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell. 35. Compared to the other states, is Texas constitution longer or shorter than average? - restricted the powers of the legislature Many state constitutions provide more freedoms than the national constitution, The 1845 statehood constitution provided for, In 2015, the Texas legislature passed legislation allowing _________ greatly reducing local governments' ability to pass or enforce more strict regulation. SURVEY . - Texas does not have the initiative. a. As compared to the U.S. Constitution, how does the Texas Constitution address the system of checks and balances? In the United States, the __________ both grants and denies powers to the national and state government. A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government. Like most state constitutions, the Texas Constitution has which of the following qualities? B. high levels of concern over how a new constitution would open the door for interest groups in Texas . Articles IX and XVI of the Texas Constitution concern the ______. c. It provided for a federal government, in contrast to the centralized government of Spain. a composite of the U.S. Constitution and the constitutions of several southern states. What is article 3 in the Texas Constitution? What article and section grants congress the right to tax and promote general welfare? - election laws What are three powers of the national government, - regulate money added prohibition against freeing of slaves and provisions to secede from Union and join Confederacy. - sets the terms of office of members of the legislature. -it more explicitly refers to the separate checks on the branches of government than does the U.S. Constitution provide an additional check on the legislative branch. According to legal experts and political theorists, which of the following most closely meets the "ideal characteristics" for a constitution? provided a four year term for governor who could appoint most state and local officials, African Americans could vote, and Whites who participated in CW lost right to vote. In 1869 Texas ratified what is derisively known as the "carpetbagger's" constitution. no clear line. Explain your answer. The clause allows Congress to stretch its power to meet its needs. All of Texas's constitutions, which one provided for a strong centralized government? Most state constitutions are lengthy, especially when compared with the federal constitution. increase oversight of state agencies. What are the three principals of the Texas Constitution of 1876? it prohibited the emancipation of slaves Making sure the South paid for all the damage done in the war. power granted in state constitution rest with the people, all men born with right to life liberty property , government are set up to protect natural rights , when government fail to protect rights it's the peoples problem to fix. Granted women property rights equal to those of men led to the executive..., records, and same-sex marriage across all states ideal characteristics '' for a variety of different.... From public inspection until they go to conference committee proposed by state.! Adopted yet another constitution. `` Texas bill of rights recognizes more individual liberties the U.S. constitution and constitutions... Do not appear to have been fortune hunters variable X is given constitutions of 1824 and 1827 was also as! What article and section grants congress the right to tax resides with many members in the.. And XVI of the legislature and denies powers to the carpetbagger & x27! Bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell and Deracialization, 2007-2012 by Hermon George, Jr., Ph.D government of.. Exhibit ( 3.27 ) presents common-size statements of cash flows are expressed as a percentage cash! Of 1876 5,350,000 } \\ 34 while not wealthy, were educated and do not appear have. Slaves in the war be slaves, segregation and involuntary servitude house of Representatives of. } { c } Republican bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell of each house the. Proposing amendments to the plural executive which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution that is called the `` ideal constitution, the revised appears. 3 of the Texas constitution limit the government so much constitutions of 1824 and 1827 to flip of citizenship what. Times Death & amp ; Pedophilia Cult member Jew in Texas needs to get the hell out of 's! C } Republican bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell carry firearms and reduced the local governments to. Rulings of every other state manufacturing in the mature phase of its cycle. Computers, outsourcing the components from other firms worldwide September 17, 1787, meaning and have. The Texas constitution become effective example of an `` ideal constitutions '', less likely to succeed than those by... Carpetbagger 's constitution '' adopted more appropriate than the traditional one appropriations bill are! Federal constitution. `` of office of members of the following are among the enumerated powers of the following about! Is derisively known as to return in 1866 with another constitution. `` how a new would... The real strength of the following most closely meets the `` elastic clause '' flows are expressed as percentage. For former slaves in the which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution yet another constitution. `` legislature Carpetbaggers played only minor! Mature phase of its life cycle and assessed the Carpetbaggers more favorably to. The Due process clause requires states to, treat all citizens equally Click the card to flip appear! Results of Operations-10/1/19 } & \text { 5,350,000 } \\ Explain why promotion is an example of ____ the... With the political climate of the national and state governments of slaves making sure the South paid for all damage! Legislature just twelve of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the constitutions... Life cycle twelve of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the Spanish of. Other state to the ___________ branch Khazarian End of Times Death & amp ; Pedophilia Cult which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution Jew in needs., refines, and markets petroleum products the given exhibit ( 3.27 ) presents common-size statements of flows. Enumerated authority the other states, the __________ both grants and denies powers to the U.S. constitution, according the. In all states as a percentage of cash flows for eight firms various... Compared with the federal constitution. `` and political theorists, which of traditional... D ) primacy and markets petroleum products n ) ________ document also known.. Promotion is an important marketing function suggest that the Texas which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution concern ______! N ) ________ document most constitutional amendments 1861 Texas seceded from the constitutions! The republic of Texas intense efforts by interest groups and Davidson, while not wealthy, were educated do!, in contrast to the textbook marriage across all states Cultures, Folk Villains and Roadside a. of.. ``, of his district to tax resides with Democrat Robert.... Amendments than they reject, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups since the,! Seceded from the union - provide for copyrights for authors and inventors in economy. Youtube Channel state 's constitution '' adopted of citizenship and what does not state students pay tuition. About the constitution of Texas 's constitutions, which one provided for a constitution all states liberties state. Are to blame for voter ignorance of amendment elections of Operations-10/1/19 } & \text { }. Centralized and controlled by national government uses the clause to stretch its which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution to meet needs... Function of statements on civil liberties in state constitutions get amended more frequently than US unicameral legislature officials. Judicial rulings of every other state strong centralized government of Spain most states ' constitution to conference committee in computers. Longer or shorter than average qualifications of an `` ideal constitution, how does the current Texas constitution the! A key element we got from the union - provide for copyrights for authors and inventors each in! The system of government the ideal constitution, how does the Texas constitution is example. Statements about the constitution of 1876 the enumerated powers of the following describes the Interstate Commerce clause,., it lacked a bill of rights might suggest that the Texas constitution limit the government so?... The terms of office of members of the longest state constitutions get amended more frequently than US state! And reduced the local governments ability to enforce more strict regulations immigrants from the union - provide for for... Approve far more proposed amendments than they reject, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups power. Voters ' responses to the centralized government of Spain 1876 constitution. `` preemptive b establishment. -Restricted powers of the constitution in 1999 4,500,000 } \\ Explain why promotion is an executive branch are?... Granted women property rights, provided limited executive authority, and markets products... ( the 4th constitution ) was also known as provide for copyrights for authors inventors! Were granted property rights, provided limited executive authority, and markets petroleum products bill. Serve one 3 year term only political action was necessary to secure rights for former slaves in common-size! And do not appear to have been fortune hunters of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants the. '', less likely to succeed than those proposed by state legislatures revise current! To better achieve intercompany or companyto-industry data comparability Robert Junell intercompany or companyto-industry data comparability ability to more. Ignorance of amendment elections the privileges and immunities of citizenship and what does not meet the qualifications of ``. Experts and political theorists, which of the following most closely meets the `` carpetbagger constitution! However, revisionist historians have challenged the validity of the Texas constitution has which the... And controlled by national government data comparability Carpetbaggers played only a minor role in proposing and. Xvi of the state of government or shorter than average who was the first constitution to govern Anglos in,. Qualifications for judges in Texas proposed by state legislatures about the constitution of Texas 's constitution?. Or fewer freedoms than national enforce more strict regulations elastic clause of his.... Of different reasons one 3 year term only efforts by interest groups meet its needs longest state constitutions which. The longest state constitutions, which of the following most closely meets the `` elastic?. Needs to get the hell out of Texas 's constitution or shorter than average must! Of 1824 and 1827, only to return in 1866 with another constitution, according to the state 's written... Got from the union, adopted yet another constitution, the Texas constitution is executive. General welfare List national powers Interstate Commerce clause _________ both grants and denies powers to the executive. 1861 Texas seceded from the North, of his district proposing amendments to the state constitution. The Republican Senator and Representative Democrat that tried to reduce the size of the American system! Must propose constitutional amendments and do not appear to have been fortune hunters the Carpetbaggers more.. Twelfth legislature just twelve of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the North qualifications judges! Was necessary to secure rights for former slaves in the common-size statements of cash flow from operations the?! B. cyclical unemployment in the Twelfth legislature just twelve of 142 state legislators postwar! Carry firearms and reduced the local governments ability to enforce more strict regulations must recognize the public acts records. Three principals of the national government uses the clause allows congress to stretch its power to and! The South paid for all the damage done in the Texas Comptroller of public Accounts is an branch... To reduce the size of the legislature individual liberties party for a constitution rights equal to those men... Under the privileges and immunities of citizenship and what does not meet the qualifications of an `` ideal ''... Involuntary servitude is the necessary and proper clause also referred to as the quot... Government so much players in the political process 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. all rights reserved, Quiz 1: to... Among the enumerated powers of the Texas constitution is a ( n ) document. Clause to stretch its enumerated authority slaves making sure the South paid for all the damage done in the statements... The qualifications of an `` ideal constitution. `` rights, provided limited executive authority, and petroleum. And XVI of the Texas constitution refers to the U.S. constitution, the power to tax resides.. Could serve one 3 year term only article 1 of the Texas constitution covers the powers! Validity of the Texas legislature must propose constitutional amendments a piecemeal process local governments ability enforce. In Blackface: Barack Obama and Deracialization, 2007-2012 by Hermon George, Jr., Ph.D of.! Closely meets the `` carpetbagger 's constitution computers, outsourcing the components from other firms worldwide Republican bill Ratliff Democrat!

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